Thoracic outlet syndrome, also known as TOS, is a condition where the nerves or blood vessels passing through the side of the neck are compressed between the collarbone and the first rib. This could lead to pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the shoulder, arm, hand, and neck. The space between the neck and the shoulder is known as the thoracic outlet.

Most people who choose to have a joint replacement do so because of conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which impair the joint, causing pain and immobility due to the destruction of the joint surface from the wear and tear of the cartilage lining. The common joints replaced are the hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, wrist, and elbow.  

Frozen hip, also known as adhesive capsulitis of the hip, is a condition where there is pain and reduced mobility due to inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule of the hip joint. The tissues around the hip joint thicken, causing stiffness and pain. This pain can be felt in the buttocks as well as the groin and can radiate to the thigh.